Ramadan

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. Muslims mark it with fasting from dawn to sunset, prayer, charity, and communal worship.

Sawm: Sawm is the Islamic practice of fasting, especially abstaining from food, drink, and other acts from dawn to sunset during Ramadan. It names Ramadan’s central daily observance and its rules.
Islamic calendar: The Islamic calendar is a lunar calendar of twelve months used to determine religious dates. Its months determine Ramadan’s place and annual timing.
Battle of Badr: The Battle of Badr was a 624 CE battle in which Muhammad’s community defeated a Meccan force. Islamic tradition places this formative battle during Ramadan.
Eid al-Fitr: Eid al-Fitr is the festival marking the end of Ramadan, beginning with communal prayer and celebration. It follows the month of fasting and begins a distinct festive observance.
Islam: Islam is a monotheistic religion whose followers understand the Qur’an as God’s revelation and Muhammad as God’s messenger. Ramadan’s practices express worship within the wider Islamic tradition.
Suhoor: Suhoor is the meal eaten before dawn by Muslims preparing to fast. This pre-dawn meal sustains the daily fast.
Hijri year: The Hijri year is the year-counting system of the Islamic calendar, beginning with Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina. Ramadan’s date is reckoned within this lunar year.
Hijra: The Hijra is Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the beginning of the Islamic calendar. It established the calendar framework in which Ramadan recurs.
Eid al-Adha: Eid al-Adha is the Islamic festival associated with pilgrimage and the story of Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son. Unlike Ramadan’s closing festival, it falls during the pilgrimage season.
Charity in Islam: Charity in Islam includes obligatory almsgiving and voluntary acts of giving and assistance. Giving and care for people in need are emphasized during Ramadan.

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