Rattanakosin Kingdom

The Thai state founded in 1782 when the Chakri dynasty established its capital at Bangkok. It was known internationally as Siam before adopting the name Thailand in 1939.

Chakri dynasty: Thailand’s reigning dynasty, founded in 1782 by King Rama I. The dynasty founded the state and has supplied its monarchs since its establishment.
Sakdina: A traditional Thai hierarchy that assigned social rank and status through numerical land allotments. It organized rank and obligations within the kingdom’s premodern social order.
Mongkut: King of Siam from 1851 to 1868, known internationally as Rama IV. His reign pursued diplomacy and selective modernization amid growing Western pressure.
Siamese territorial losses: The cessions of territories by Siam to European colonial powers and neighboring states, especially in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These losses helped define the smaller territorial state that endured as Thailand.
Rama I: The first king of the Chakri dynasty, who ruled Siam from 1782 to 1809. He founded the dynasty and made Bangkok the kingdom’s capital.
Monthon: A regional administrative unit introduced in Siam during the late nineteenth-century reforms. These units extended centralized administration over outlying territories.
Chulalongkorn: King of Siam from 1868 to 1910, known internationally as Rama V. His reforms strengthened central government and helped preserve Siam’s independence.
Franco-Siamese War: The 1893 conflict between France and Siam that ended with Siam ceding territory east of the Mekong. It exposed the costs of resisting French expansion and intensified pressure for reform.
Thonburi Kingdom: The Thai kingdom centered at Thonburi from 1767 to 1782, ruled by King Taksin. It immediately preceded the Rattanakosin state after Ayutthaya’s destruction.
Thesaphiban reforms: The late nineteenth-century reorganization that brought Siam’s provinces under more centralized administration. They replaced looser provincial arrangements with stronger control from Bangkok.

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