Linked from

The 55 pages that link to Refraction, each with the reason it gives.

• WavelengthRelated: Frequency stays fixed at a boundary while wavelength changes with speed.

• DiffractionCompared with: Refraction bends waves at material boundaries, unlike diffraction around edges or through openings.

• Gravitational lensingCompared with: Unlike refraction, gravitational lensing does not require light to enter a different material.

• TelescopeRelated: Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend light toward a focus.

• Focal lengthNarrower topic: Refraction is how lenses redirect light to produce their focal behavior.

• ScatteringCompared with: Refraction redirects waves through a systematic change in medium, unlike scattering by localized inhomogeneities.

• Compound eyeRelated: Refraction by facet lenses helps focus light onto photoreceptors.

• Christiaan HuygensRelated: Huygens’s wave account explained the laws governing light’s refraction.

• OpticsRelated: Lenses focus light by refracting it through shaped interfaces.

• Snell's lawNarrower topic: Snell's law quantifies the direction change at a boundary.

• Total internal reflectionNarrower topic: Total internal reflection is the boundary behavior that replaces refraction beyond a limiting incidence angle.

• CorneaRelated: The cornea's curved surface refracts light strongly as it enters the eye.

• IridescenceRelated: Refraction inside layered surfaces changes optical path lengths and reflected colors.

• ReflectionCompared with: At an interface, refraction redirects the transmitted portion while reflection returns another portion.

• PrismRelated: A prism redirects rays at its surfaces because light changes speed between air and glass.

• Ray tracingRelated: Tracing refracted paths models transparent objects and optical media.

• Camera lensNarrower topic: Curved lens surfaces use refraction to redirect light rays toward an image.

• MirrorCompared with: Lenses form images mainly by refraction, rather than reflection.

• Specular reflectionCompared with: At an interface, transmitted light changes direction while specularly reflected light stays in the original medium.

• Chromatic aberrationNarrower topic: Lenses refract light, and wavelength-dependent refraction is the basis of this defect.

• EyeglassesRelated: Eyeglass lenses redirect light so it focuses appropriately on the retina.

• AccommodationNarrower topic: The eye focuses images by refracting light, and accommodation changes how strongly it bends.

• Corpuscular theory of lightRelated: Newton’s model attributed bending to forces exerted by a boundary on passing corpuscles.

• Dispersion (optics)Narrower topic: Dispersion produces color separation because refraction angles vary with wavelength.

• LensRelated: Refractive lenses redirect light because its speed changes at each material boundary.

• PresbyopiaRelated: Clear vision depends on directing refracted light onto the retina.

• DiopterNarrower topic: Refraction at lens surfaces produces the focusing measured by optical power.

• Ibn al-HaythamRelated: His studies examined how transparent media redirect light.

• Light scatteringCompared with: Refraction bends light at a boundary instead of distributing it among scattering directions.

• Achromatic lensNarrower topic: An achromatic lens corrects color focus by balancing wavelength-dependent refraction.

• Law of reflectionCompared with: At a boundary, transmitted light bends while reflected light follows the reflection law.

• Spherical aberrationNarrower topic: Spherical aberration arises because refraction varies across a curved surface.

• Virtual imageRelated: Lenses bend rays so their backward extensions can mark a virtual image.

• Convex lensRelated: A convex lens converges light by refracting rays at its two surfaces.

• Fresnel lensNarrower topic: Each groove redirects light through refraction, assembling rays at a focus.

• Wave interferenceCompared with: Refraction redirects waves at a boundary; interference concerns the result when waves overlap.

• Halo (optical phenomenon)Related: Light bends as it enters and leaves ice crystals, producing many common halo angles.

• Magnifying glassNarrower topic: Refraction bends rays through the glass and makes the enlarged image possible.

• OpticksNarrower topic: Refraction is the basic phenomenon behind Newton’s prism and lens investigations.

• Schmidt–Cassegrain telescopeRelated: The corrector plate refracts incoming light to compensate for the mirror’s aberration.

• Ibn SahlNarrower topic: This is the optical phenomenon Ibn Sahl analyzed quantitatively.

• PentaprismNarrower topic: Light refracts at the prism's entry and exit faces, while the internal reflections provide the main directional fold.

• Sun dogNarrower topic: Sun dogs are a visible result of light changing direction inside ice.

• Allvar GullstrandNarrower topic: Gullstrand’s research quantified how the eye refracts incoming light.

• ArcherfishRelated: Archerfish compensate for the apparent displacement of prey viewed through the water surface.

• Cirrostratus cloudRelated: Refraction through ice crystals bends light into the angles that form halos.

• Cirrostratus nebulosusRelated: Light refracting through ice crystals produces the characteristic halo.

• Focus (optics)Related: Lenses create foci by bending rays through refraction.

• LoupeNarrower topic: Refraction at the loupe's surfaces bends light to form its enlarged view.

• PhotonicsRelated: Refractive index differences guide and focus light in lenses and waveguides.