Reintroduction

Reintroduction is the deliberate release of a species into part of its historical range after it has disappeared there. It aims to establish a self-sustaining population.

Translocation (wildlife conservation): The deliberate movement of living organisms from one place to another for conservation or management. Reintroduction is a translocation in which organisms return to part of their historical range.
Historical range: The geographic area a species occupied in the past, reconstructed from records and ecological evidence. A reintroduction returns a species to part of this former distribution.
Gray wolf reintroduction in Yellowstone: The restoration of gray wolves to Yellowstone National Park beginning in 1995. It is a well-documented case of returning a predator to a portion of its former range.
Reinforcement (conservation): The addition of individuals to an existing population of the same species. Unlike reintroduction, reinforcement targets a population that is still present at the site.
Population viability analysis: A method for estimating a population's probability of persistence under specified conditions. It helps estimate whether a proposed release can establish a persistent population.
Extirpation: The disappearance of a species from a particular area while it survives elsewhere. It is the local loss that reintroduction is intended to reverse.
European bison reintroduction: Efforts to establish free-ranging European bison populations in areas where the species had disappeared. It illustrates reintroduction of a large herbivore through captive breeding and releases.
Assisted colonization: The deliberate movement of a species to areas beyond its historical range to help it persist. It differs from reintroduction by establishing populations outside the species' former range.
Habitat restoration: The process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed. Restoring habitat can address the conditions that caused local disappearance.
Source population: A population from which individuals are taken to establish or reinforce another population. Its health and genetic suitability shape the risks of removing founders.

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