Republic of Hawaiʻi

The Republic of Hawaiʻi was a government established in 1894 after the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. It lasted until the United States annexed the islands in 1898.

Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom: The January 1893 removal of Queen Liliʻuokalani and the Hawaiian Kingdom’s government by an organized group of opponents. The overthrow created the provisional government that preceded the republic.
1894 Constitution of the Republic of Hawaiʻi: The constitution that established the Republic of Hawaiʻi, defined its offices, and set restrictive political qualifications. It supplied the legal framework for the republic’s government.
Queen Liliʻuokalani's protest: Liliʻuokalani’s formal objections to her overthrow and the transfer of Hawaiian sovereignty. Her protests challenged the republic’s account of how it came to power.
Newlands Resolution: The 1898 United States congressional resolution that provided for the annexation of Hawaiʻi. It ended the republic by transferring Hawaiʻi to U.S. control.
Hawaiian monarchy: The hereditary system of government that ruled the Hawaiian Kingdom until the monarchy’s overthrow in 1893. The republic replaced the monarchy and rejected restoration of its royal government.
Provisional Government of Hawaii: The government that replaced the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1893 and governed before the Republic of Hawaiʻi was established. It was the republic’s immediate predecessor.
Sanford B. Dole: A lawyer and political leader who served as president of the Republic of Hawaiʻi from 1894 until annexation. As president, he headed the republic’s executive government.
James H. Blount: A United States representative sent to Hawaiʻi in 1893 to investigate the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. His report questioned the role of U.S. officials in the overthrow preceding the republic.
Territory of Hawaii: The U.S. territorial government established in 1900 after the annexation of Hawaiʻi. It succeeded the republic after annexation and governed the islands until statehood.
Hawaiian constitutionalism: The development and use of written constitutions to define political authority in the Hawaiian Kingdom and its successor governments. The republic claimed constitutional form, but its founding followed a contested seizure of power.

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