Linked from

The 21 pages that link to Research and development, each with the reason it gives.

• ExternalityRelated: Knowledge can spread beyond the innovating firm, creating benefits it cannot fully capture.

• Research universityNarrower topic: Universities contribute to a wider research system that also includes government and industry.

• Technology transferNarrower topic: Transfer links research and development with use rather than describing the research activity itself.

• InnovationRelated: R&D is one route for generating and testing innovations.

• Technology readiness levelNarrower topic: Technology readiness levels track progress through the development portion of this broader activity.

• Knowledge economyRelated: R&D generates discoveries and inventions that can feed new economic activity.

• Sunk costRelated: R&D spending is often irrecoverable, making continuation decisions especially exposed to sunk-cost reasoning.

• Endogenous growth theoryRelated: R&D is the purposeful investment behind many models’ continuing technological advances.

• Joint ventureRelated: Companies pool expertise and costs when developing technology or products together.

• Doctor of PhilosophyRelated: PhD-trained researchers apply advanced methods in industrial and public-sector research teams.

• Fraunhofer SocietyNarrower topic: The Society’s activities form part of the broader research-and-development landscape.

• Science—The Endless FrontierRelated: Bush’s research pipeline links basic discoveries to later development and practical use.

• Academic researchCompared with: R&D may prioritize practical innovation, while academic research also pursues knowledge without immediate application.

• DARPANarrower topic: DARPA is a specialized defense-focused funder within the broader research-and-development system.

• Paul RomerRelated: Romer modeled research as a deliberate, economically motivated source of technological progress.

• Bill HewlettNarrower topic: Hewlett’s engineering leadership kept technical research closely tied to HP’s products and business.

• Colgate-PalmoliveRelated: Formulation and product testing support performance, safety, and differentiation across its categories.

• Eugène SchuellerRelated: Schueller made scientific research a recurring source of new products for L’Oréal.

• China Electronics Technology Group CorporationRelated: CETC’s institutes conduct research that supports its electronics and equipment businesses.

• Friedrich EngelhornRelated: BASF’s close integration of laboratory research and factory output became central to its growth.

• Innovation managementRelated: R&D often supplies technical discoveries and capabilities for innovation projects.