Robert E. Lee

Robert E. Lee was a United States Army officer who became the Confederacy’s best-known general, commanding the Army of Northern Virginia from 1862 until its surrender in 1865.

Ulysses S. Grant: Ulysses S. Grant was the Union general whose campaigns forced Lee’s surrender at Appomattox in 1865. Grant’s sustained pressure culminated in Lee’s surrender and ended the Army of Northern Virginia’s war.
Army of Northern Virginia: The principal Confederate field army in the Eastern Theater, commanded by Lee from 1862 to 1865. It was the force through which Lee shaped the war’s best-known campaigns.
United States Military Academy: The federal military college at West Point, New York, that trains commissioned officers for the U.S. Army. Lee graduated second in his class in 1829 and began a long engineering and military career.
Surrender at Appomattox: The April 9, 1865 surrender of Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia to Grant near Appomattox Court House. Its terms helped end organized Confederate resistance in the war’s largest eastern army.
Jefferson Davis: Jefferson Davis was president of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. Davis appointed Lee to senior Confederate commands and relied on his military judgment.
Seven Days Battles: A series of battles near Richmond in June and July 1862 that forced the Union Army of the Potomac to retreat. Lee’s first major campaign in command drove Union forces away from the Confederate capital.
Mexican-American War: The 1846–48 war between the United States and Mexico, which expanded U.S. territory across the Southwest. Lee gained combat experience and a reputation for reconnaissance while serving under Winfield Scott.
Reconstruction: Reconstruction was the post–Civil War period when the United States addressed emancipation, citizenship, and rebuilding the South. Lee’s postwar conduct unfolded amid disputes over loyalty, freedpeople’s rights, and former Confederates’ place in public life.
Stonewall Jackson: Stonewall Jackson was a Confederate general whose aggressive campaigns helped establish the Army of Northern Virginia’s reputation. Jackson’s leadership made him Lee’s most effective corps commander until his death in 1863.
Gettysburg Campaign: The 1863 Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania that ended in defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg. Lee carried the Army of Northern Virginia into Union territory in search of a decisive result.

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