Robert H. Jackson

Robert H. Jackson was an American lawyer and jurist who served as chief United States prosecutor at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg.

Harlan Fiske Stone: Harlan Fiske Stone was chief justice of the United States from 1941 until his death in 1946. Stone appointed Jackson to the Supreme Court and authorized his departure to prosecute at Nuremberg.
Nuremberg principles: The legal principles formulated after World War II concerning individual responsibility for international crimes. Jackson’s case helped establish that leaders could be held personally accountable under international law.
International Military Tribunal: The international court that tried major Nazi leaders in Nuremberg from 1945 to 1946. Jackson served as the chief United States prosecutor before this four-power tribunal.
Henry Morgenthau Jr.: Henry Morgenthau Jr. was United States secretary of the treasury during World War II and an advocate of severe measures against postwar Germany. Morgenthau’s punitive proposals contrasted with Jackson’s effort to secure legal judgments through public trials.
Francis Biddle: Francis Biddle was an American lawyer and judge who served as attorney general during World War II and as a Nuremberg judge. Biddle succeeded Jackson as attorney general and later represented the United States among the tribunal’s judges.
Crime of aggression: The planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of an illegal war of aggression. Jackson argued that launching aggressive war was the central crime prosecuted at Nuremberg.
Nuremberg Charter: The 1945 agreement establishing the International Military Tribunal and defining its jurisdiction and crimes. Its legal framework shaped the charges Jackson presented against Nazi leaders.
Winston Churchill: Winston Churchill was British prime minister during much of World War II and a central Allied leader. Churchill proposed executing Nazi leaders without a trial, a course Jackson opposed.
Hermann Göring: Hermann Göring was a leading Nazi official and the highest-ranking defendant tried at Nuremberg. Jackson’s opening statement and cross-examination made Göring the prosecution’s central individual target.
Command responsibility: A form of legal responsibility for commanders who knew, or should have known, of crimes by subordinates and failed to prevent or punish them. The trial raised enduring questions about how leaders answer for crimes committed through state institutions.

Linked from 12 pages