Royal Society

The United Kingdom’s national academy of sciences, founded in 1660 to promote the advancement of natural knowledge. It is an independent fellowship that supports research, advises on science, and publishes scholarly journals.

Invisible College: A loose network of English natural philosophers who met and corresponded in the mid-seventeenth century. The informal experimental meetings associated with this network preceded the Society’s foundation.
Fellow of the Royal Society: A scientist elected to the Royal Society in recognition of substantial contributions to scientific knowledge. Fellowship is the Society’s central form of membership and recognition.
Christopher Wren: An English architect, astronomer, and mathematician who became an early president of the Royal Society. Wren helped lead the Society during its formative years.
Scientific journal: A periodical publication that communicates research and scholarly discussion in a field. The Society’s early journal helped establish the scientific journal as an institution.
English Restoration: The re-establishment of the English monarchy in 1660 under Charles II. The Society received its royal charter during the Restoration.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: A scientific journal founded in 1665 and published by the Royal Society. It gives the Society a durable channel for communicating research.
Isaac Newton: An English mathematician and natural philosopher whose laws of motion and gravitation transformed physics. Newton’s presidency made him a defining figure in the Society’s history.
Peer review: The evaluation of scholarly work by experts before publication or other formal use. The Society’s publication practices contributed to the development of scientific review.
Robert Boyle: An Anglo-Irish natural philosopher whose experimental work helped shape early modern chemistry and physics. Boyle’s experiments and advocacy helped establish the Society’s experimental culture.
Royal Society Research Grants: Funding awarded by the Royal Society to support scientific research and researchers. Grants extend the Society’s work beyond recognition and publication.

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