Rutherford B. Hayes

Rutherford B. Hayes was the 19th president of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881 after the disputed 1876 election.

Compromise of 1877: An informal political settlement that resolved the disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election and enabled Hayes to take office. Its terms accompanied Hayes’s accession and the withdrawal of remaining federal troops from the South.
United States presidential election of 1876: The U.S. presidential contest between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden, disputed in several states and resolved by Congress. Its contested electoral votes determined Hayes’s path to the presidency.
William A. Wheeler: A New York politician who served as vice president of the United States under Rutherford B. Hayes. Wheeler shared the Republican ticket with Hayes but had little influence in the administration.
Tammany Hall: A New York City Democratic political organization known for controlling elections and distributing patronage. Hayes’s anti-patronage policies challenged the political-machine model associated with Tammany Hall.
End of Reconstruction: The close of federal efforts to remake Southern political and social institutions after the Civil War. Hayes ordered the withdrawal of the last federal troops protecting Republican governments in South Carolina and Louisiana.
Samuel J. Tilden: A Democratic politician who won the popular vote in the 1876 U.S. presidential election but lost the presidency. Tilden was Hayes’s opponent and the apparent winner of the popular vote.
James A. Garfield: The 20th president of the United States, elected in 1880 after serving as a Republican congressman from Ohio. Garfield succeeded Hayes and continued the party’s struggle over patronage.
United States presidential election of 1880: The U.S. presidential election in which Republican James A. Garfield defeated Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock. Hayes kept his pledge not to seek reelection, leaving the 1880 contest to a new Republican nominee.
Reconstruction era: The period after the Civil War when the United States contested the terms of Southern reintegration and the rights of formerly enslaved people. Hayes’s presidency began as federal Reconstruction was ending.
Electoral Commission Act: An 1877 U.S. law that created a commission to decide disputed electoral votes from the 1876 presidential election. The commission’s party-line decisions awarded Hayes the disputed electoral votes.

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