Rutile structure

The rutile structure is a tetragonal crystal arrangement in which metal cations are octahedrally coordinated by oxygen, shared by several dioxide compounds.

Tetragonal crystal system: A crystal system with three mutually perpendicular axes, two equal in length and a third of different length. The rutile structure belongs to this crystal system, with its characteristic unequal lattice dimensions.
Edge-sharing octahedra: A connection between octahedra in which they share an edge formed by two common vertices. In rutile, neighboring metal–oxygen octahedra share edges along characteristic chains.
Cassiterite: The mineral form of tin dioxide, SnO₂, crystallizing in the rutile structure. Cassiterite is a naturally occurring rutile-structure dioxide with tin in place of titanium.
Anatase: A tetragonal crystal form of titanium dioxide distinct from rutile in atomic arrangement and properties. It is a competing TiO₂ polymorph with a different network of titanium–oxygen octahedra.
Space group P4₂/mnm: A tetragonal space group describing crystals with specific symmetry operations, including screw axes and glide planes. This space group specifies the symmetry of the conventional rutile structure.
Corner-sharing octahedra: A connection between octahedra in which they share one vertex. Rutile octahedra also connect through corners, distinguishing the full network from edge-sharing chains alone.
Pyrolusite: The principal manganese dioxide mineral, commonly described as having a rutile-related structure. Its manganese dioxide framework is a natural mineral example related to rutile topology.
Brookite: An orthorhombic mineral form of titanium dioxide with a structure distinct from rutile and anatase. It provides a third naturally occurring TiO₂ structure for comparison.
Octahedral coordination: An arrangement in which a central atom or ion has six nearest neighbors at the vertices of an octahedron. Each metal cation in rutile is surrounded by six oxygen atoms.
TiO₂: Titanium dioxide, a compound found in several crystal structures and used as a pigment and functional material. The common rutile mineral is the titanium dioxide realization of this structure.

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