Salon des Indépendants

The Salon des Indépendants is a Paris art exhibition founded in 1884 without a jury or awards, giving artists an alternative to official exhibition systems.

Société des Artistes Indépendants: A French artists’ association founded in 1884 to organize exhibitions without a jury or awards. The association established the exhibition and continues to organize it.
Georges Seurat: A French painter who developed Pointillism and helped establish Neo-Impressionism. His work at the 1886 exhibition brought a landmark Neo-Impressionist painting before a broad public.
Open exhibition: An art exhibition that accepts submissions broadly rather than selecting works through a restrictive jury. The Indépendants made open submission its defining alternative to official selection.
Fauvism: An early twentieth-century French art movement marked by intense color and simplified forms. Indépendants exhibitions helped expose audiences to Fauvist painting as the movement took shape.
Paris Salon: The official annual art exhibition in Paris, historically controlled by a jury. The Indépendants rejected the jury system that governed this established exhibition.
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte: An 1884–1886 painting by Georges Seurat depicting Parisians relaxing beside the Seine. Seurat exhibited this large, methodical composition at the 1886 Salon des Indépendants.
Salon hanging: A dense exhibition arrangement that covers gallery walls with artworks in closely spaced rows. The crowded displays accommodated the large number of works admitted without a jury.
Cubism: An art movement that represents subjects through fragmented forms and multiple viewpoints. The exhibition became a major venue for Cubist works before the First World War.
Salon des Refusés: An 1863 exhibition in Paris showing works rejected by the official Salon jury. It foreshadowed the Indépendants by making rejected art visible outside the official Salon.
Henri Rousseau: A French painter known for dreamlike jungle scenes despite having no formal academic training. The open exhibition system offered Rousseau a recurring platform for showing his work.

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