Scottish Reformation

The sixteenth-century movement that established Protestantism in Scotland, reshaped its church and political order, and was strongly influenced by John Knox.

John Knox: A Scottish Protestant reformer and preacher who helped lead the Reformation in Scotland. His preaching and political writing gave the movement a prominent leader.
Protestant Reformation: A sixteenth-century movement that divided Western Christianity and established Protestant churches across Europe. Scottish reform developed within this wider religious upheaval.
Mary of Guise: Regent of Scotland from 1554 until 1560 and mother of Mary, Queen of Scots. Her defense of the Catholic regency brought reforming nobles into armed opposition.
Scottish church attendance: The system of local congregations and regular public worship in Scotland’s reformed church. Reform made parish worship and preaching central to religious life.
Church of Scotland: The national Presbyterian church established in Scotland during the Reformation. It became the principal institution through which reformed worship and governance took hold.
Patrick Hamilton (reformer): A Scottish theologian executed for heresy in 1528 after promoting ideas associated with Martin Luther. His death made him an early martyr for reform in Scotland.
Mary, Queen of Scots: Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567, raised in France as a Catholic monarch. Her reign brought the Protestant settlement into conflict with a Catholic sovereign.
Scottish parish schools: Local schools promoted by the Scottish church and legislature to provide education across parishes. The reformers’ educational plans linked Protestant instruction with broader literacy.
Scottish Reformation Parliament: The 1560 Scottish Parliament that abolished papal authority and adopted a Protestant confession. Its statutes gave the reform movement a decisive legal settlement.
George Wishart: A Scottish Protestant preacher executed for heresy in 1546. His preaching and execution preceded Knox’s rise and intensified opposition to Catholic authority.

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