Second Anglo-Dutch War

The Second Anglo-Dutch War was a naval and colonial conflict between England and the Dutch Republic from 1665 to 1667, ending with the Treaty of Breda.

Battle of Lowestoft: A major naval battle fought between England and the Dutch Republic in June 1665. The war’s opening fleet engagement ended in a costly English victory.
Anglo-Dutch Wars: A series of conflicts fought between England or Britain and the Dutch Republic over trade, naval power, and empire. The Second War was one episode in a wider contest over maritime supremacy.
First Anglo-Dutch War: A naval conflict between the English Commonwealth and the Dutch Republic from 1652 to 1654. Its unresolved commercial rivalry and settlement formed the background to renewed war.
New York: A city and state in the northeastern United States, named for the Duke of York after England took New Netherland. The English renaming of New Amsterdam embodied the war’s territorial settlement.
Four Days' Battle: A major naval battle fought between English and Dutch fleets from 11 to 14 June 1666. The Dutch victory demonstrated their ability to defeat England in a prolonged fleet action.
Mercantilism: An economic doctrine that treats national wealth as dependent on trade balances, colonial resources, and state power. Mercantilist competition sharpened disputes over trade and overseas possessions.
English Restoration: The return of the English monarchy under Charles II in 1660 after the republican period. The restored monarchy inherited and intensified England’s competition with Dutch maritime trade.
Suriname: A country on the northern coast of South America, formerly a Dutch colony known as Dutch Guiana. The Treaty of Breda left Suriname under Dutch control in exchange for England’s hold on New Netherland.
St James's Day Battle: A naval battle fought between English and Dutch fleets on 25 July 1666. Its English victory partially reversed the Dutch success of the Four Days’ Battle.
Navigation Acts: English laws that restricted shipping and trade to strengthen English commerce and maritime power. These restrictions helped provoke Dutch commercial opposition before the war.

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