Linked from

The 22 pages that link to Secularism in France, each with the reason it gives.

• SecularismCompared with: It contrasts with models that permit stronger public expression of religious identity.

• Freedom of religionCompared with: Its approach to public religious symbols contrasts with more accommodation-focused models.

• Religious tolerationCompared with: It shows how protecting belief can accompany limits on religious expression in public institutions.

• Separation of church and stateCompared with: Its stronger public-institutional neutrality contrasts with approaches that permit broader religious expression in state settings.

• GallicanismCompared with: It contrasts with Gallicanism’s effort to preserve a privileged national church within a Catholic state.

• French national identityCompared with: Its contested boundaries reveal disagreements over what a common national public sphere requires.

• State atheismCompared with: Laïcité restricts religious influence in certain public settings but is distinct from a general campaign to eradicate religion.

• Secularism in IndiaCompared with: It generally separates religion from public institutions more sharply than India’s model.

• Soviet anti-religious campaignCompared with: Unlike Soviet campaigns, laïcité need not entail state promotion of atheism or mass religious persecution.

• Tariq RamadanCompared with: French secularism provides a specific political setting for his arguments about visible Muslim identity.