Linked from

The 13 pages that link to Seismic refraction, each with the reason it gives.

• Seismic waveRelated: Refraction governs long-distance travel paths and helps infer Earth's layered structure.

• Seismic tomographyCompared with: Its layered interpretations contrast with tomography’s distributed velocity models.

• Seismic reflectionCompared with: Refraction emphasizes critically refracted arrivals, unlike reflection imaging of boundary echoes.

• Snell's lawRelated: The law predicts how seismic rays bend where rock-layer wave speeds change.

• Mohorovičić discontinuityRelated: Refraction measurements can locate the velocity boundary separating crust from mantle.

• Inge LehmannRelated: Refraction through the core explains how waves can reach regions the earlier model left shadowed.

• Seismic velocityRelated: Arrival times constrain velocities and depths of refracting layers.

• Andrija MohorovičićRelated: Refraction at the crust–mantle boundary explains the unexpectedly early arrivals he analyzed.

• Exploration geophysicsCompared with: Unlike reflection imaging, it emphasizes refracted arrivals and is often used for near-surface structure.

• Forensic geophysicsRelated: Wave-speed contrasts can help characterize shallow layers and grave-sized disturbances.

• Maurice EwingRelated: Ewing used refraction measurements to investigate the crust beneath the oceans.

• Ambient noise seismologyCompared with: Refraction surveys require identifiable source arrivals, whereas ambient-noise methods use long records.

• Near-surface geophysicsRelated: Wave speeds and refraction help map shallow layers and depth to bedrock.