Linked from
The 5 pages that link to Shock absorber, each with the reason it gives.
DampingBroader topic: It converts vehicle suspension oscillations into heat to limit bouncing.
Damped harmonic oscillatorBroader topic: It uses damping to suppress oscillations after a bump.
Motorcycle suspensionRelated: It damps repeated suspension movement after compression and rebound.
Car suspensionRelated: It controls the bouncing that suspension springs would otherwise sustain.
DashpotRelated: Many shock absorbers use hydraulic damping closely related to dashpot action.