Sino-Burmese War

A series of Qing invasions of Burma from 1765 to 1769, repelled by the Konbaung kingdom and ended by a negotiated truce that restored relations between the states.

Qing invasion of Burma (1765–1766): The first major Qing campaign against Burma, launched in 1765 and defeated in 1766. It opened the war with a route through the Shan states toward Ava.
Qing dynasty: The Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 1644 to 1912. Qing expansion into the southwest brought its armies into conflict with Burma.
Ming Jui: A Qing general who led the final major invasion of Burma in 1768–1769. His army reached the Burmese heartland before its supply lines collapsed.
Sino-Burmese relations: The political and diplomatic relations between China and Burma across their shared history. The truce reopened relations after years of invasions and suspended diplomacy.
Qing invasion of Burma (1766–1767): The second Qing campaign against Burma, defeated after advancing into Burmese territory. Its defeat showed that the first campaign’s failure was not an isolated setback.
Konbaung dynasty: A Burmese royal dynasty founded in 1752 that expanded Burma and fought Qing China. Its consolidation of authority altered the balance along the China–Burma frontier.
Alaungpaya: The founder of Burma’s Konbaung dynasty, who reunified much of Burma before his death in 1760. His conquests created the kingdom that Hsinbyushin defended against Qing invasion.
Tributary system of China: A set of diplomatic practices through which Chinese courts represented foreign relations in hierarchical terms. The settlement allowed both courts to frame restored relations without settling their competing claims.
Qing invasion of Burma (1767–1768): A third Qing campaign that penetrated deeply into Burma before its forces were driven back. Its advance toward Ava brought the Qing closest to achieving their objective.
Shan States: A collection of Tai-speaking principalities in the highlands east of Burma’s central plains. Competing influence over these frontier polities helped precipitate Qing intervention.

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Ten Great CampaignsBroader topic: Its costly failure contrasts with the triumphal framing of Qianlong's campaigns.