Sophie Scholl

Sophie Scholl (1921–1943) was a German student and anti-Nazi activist who helped distribute White Rose leaflets at the University of Munich. The Nazi regime executed her for resistance.

White Rose: The White Rose was a nonviolent resistance group formed by students and a professor at the University of Munich against Nazi rule. Scholl’s anti-Nazi work took place within this group.
Inge Aicher-Scholl: A German author and educator who documented the White Rose and was the elder sister of Sophie and Hans Scholl. Her postwar account helped preserve the history of her siblings’ resistance.
Hitler Youth: The Nazi Party’s youth organization for boys, which sought to indoctrinate them and prepare them for military service. Scholl initially joined its girls’ counterpart before rejecting Nazi ideology.
German resistance to Nazism: The varied efforts by individuals and groups to oppose the Nazi regime in Germany and occupied Europe. Scholl’s actions became one of its best-known examples.
White Rose leaflets: A series of pamphlets produced by the White Rose that called on Germans to resist Nazi tyranny. Scholl helped distribute the leaflets that made the group’s dissent public.
Alexander Schmorell: A co-founder of the White Rose who helped write and distribute its anti-Nazi leaflets. He joined Scholl and her fellow students in the group’s resistance.
League of German Girls: The Nazi Party’s youth organization for girls, promoting racial ideology and preparation for domestic roles. Scholl’s participation ended as she became disillusioned with the regime.
Stolpersteine: Small brass plaques set into pavements across Europe to commemorate people persecuted or murdered by the Nazis. A Stolperstein at Scholl’s former home marks her life and persecution.
University of Munich: A public research university in Munich, Germany, founded in 1472 and known today as Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Scholl and other White Rose members distributed leaflets in its main building.
Christoph Probst: A German medical student and White Rose member executed with Hans and Sophie Scholl in 1943. He was arrested with the Scholls after the final leaflet distribution.

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