Linked from

The 31 pages that link to Spirituals, each with the reason it gives.

• Call and responseRelated: Many spirituals use a leader’s line answered by a congregation or chorus.

• BluesRelated: Spirituals and blues share expressive vocal practices while serving different lyrical purposes.

• Gospel musicRelated: Spirituals supplied gospel music with religious themes and musical practices.

• Book of ExodusRelated: Exodus images supplied powerful language for bondage, escape, and anticipated freedom.

• PassoverRelated: The Exodus story became a powerful language of hope and liberation in these songs.

• Paul RobesonRelated: Robeson performed spirituals as concert works and presented them as expressions of Black history.

• Choral musicRelated: Spirituals became a distinctive source for choral arrangements and performance traditions.

• James Weldon JohnsonRelated: Johnson collected and interpreted spirituals as a literary and cultural inheritance.

• Porgy and BessRelated: The opera’s choral and solo writing invokes spirituals and related Black musical traditions.

• Black churchRelated: Spirituals preserve a formative sound and sacred language within Black religious culture.

• Antonín DvořákRelated: Dvořák regarded spirituals as a source for a distinctively American concert-music tradition.

• Church musicRelated: Spirituals shaped later gospel and church music while expressing faith under slavery.

• Alvin AileyRelated: Their music and emotional register anchor the final section of Ailey’s signature work Revelations.

• Political musicRelated: Spirituals carried religious meaning alongside expressions of suffering, hope, and liberation.

• Christian musicRelated: Spirituals shaped later gospel music and carry a distinct history of faith under slavery.

• Thomas A. DorseyRelated: Spirituals supplied a longstanding sacred repertoire behind the gospel tradition Dorsey shaped.

• African-American ChristianityRelated: Their lyrics and performance carried faith, grief, hope, and communal memory.

• Mahalia JacksonRelated: Spirituals are part of the tradition from which gospel music and Jackson’s repertoire developed.

• Marian AndersonRelated: Spirituals formed a signature part of Anderson’s concert repertoire.

• Religious musicRelated: They joined Christian themes with African musical practices under slavery and its aftermath.

• OdettaRelated: Spirituals supplied a central part of Odetta’s repertoire and expressive vocabulary.