Knowra State media State media State media are news and information outlets owned or directly controlled by a government. Their degree of editorial independence varies across countries and institutions.
Public service broadcasting : Broadcast media organized to serve the public interest, often under a legal mandate and with safeguards for editorial independence. It distinguishes publicly funded media with independent mandates from outlets directly controlled by governments.
Private media : Media outlets owned by individuals, companies, or other non-governmental entities. Its ownership model contrasts directly with government ownership or control.
BBC : The United Kingdom's public service broadcaster, established in 1922 and funded mainly through a licence fee. Its public-service model is often compared with direct government control, despite debates over its independence.
Media bias : Systematic distortion or imbalance in how media select, frame, or present information. Government influence can affect which events and viewpoints state outlets emphasize.
Media independence : The capacity of media organizations to operate and make editorial decisions free from undue influence. It is difficult to assess when formal safeguards coexist with political or financial pressure.
Editorial independence : The ability of journalists and editors to make content decisions without improper influence from owners, governments, or other actors. Its presence or absence marks how much control a government exercises over its outlets.
Public broadcasting : Broadcasting funded or supported for public benefit, commonly through public funds, fees, or mixed revenue. It may share public funding with state media while differing in governance and editorial independence.
Voice of America : A United States government-funded international broadcaster that began regular broadcasts in 1942. It exemplifies state-funded broadcasting aimed at audiences outside the funding country.
Censorship : The suppression or restriction of information, expression, or artistic work by an authority or institution. State outlets can enforce official limits on reporting as well as face external censorship.
Media ownership concentration : The accumulation of media ownership in the hands of a small number of firms, individuals, or governments. Comparing state ownership with concentrated private ownership tests how control should be measured.
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