Knowra Steel industry Steel industry The steel industry produces steel by refining iron-bearing materials and alloying molten metal, then casting and shaping it into products for construction, transport, and manufacturing.
Basic oxygen steelmaking : A steelmaking process that refines molten pig iron by blowing oxygen through it in a converter. Integrated mills use this route to turn blast-furnace iron into crude steel.
Iron ore : Naturally occurring rock containing iron minerals in concentrations that can be mined and processed. Its grade and preparation affect the energy and productivity of ore-based steelmaking.
Construction : The creation of buildings and infrastructure through assembling materials and systems on site. Buildings and infrastructure absorb large volumes of reinforcing bar and structural steel.
Industrial emissions : Pollutants and greenhouse gases released by industrial processes and energy use. Coal-based ironmaking makes steel a major source of industrial carbon dioxide.
Integrated steelworks : A steel plant that links ironmaking, steelmaking, casting, and often rolling at one site. Its coordinated blast-furnace route contrasts with production centered on electric furnaces.
Electric arc furnace : A furnace that melts metal using electric arcs between graphite electrodes and the charge. It enables steel production from scrap or direct-reduced iron without a blast furnace.
Coke : A carbon-rich solid made by heating coal without air, used as fuel and reducing agent in blast furnaces. It supplies heat, carbon, and structural support in the traditional integrated route.
Automotive industry : The industrial design and manufacture of motor vehicles and their components. Vehicle makers require sheet steel with tightly controlled strength, formability, and surface quality.
Carbon capture and storage : Technologies that separate carbon dioxide, transport it, and store it in long-term geological formations. Some steel decarbonization plans rely on capturing emissions from existing process routes.
Mini-mill : A compact steel plant, typically using electric arc furnaces and scrap or direct-reduced iron. Mini-mills generally need less capital and can locate closer to scrap supplies and customers.
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