Steve Biko

Steve Biko was a South African anti-apartheid activist who helped lead the Black Consciousness Movement. He died in police custody in 1977 after being detained by security police.

Black Consciousness Movement: A South African anti-apartheid movement that encouraged Black people to reject imposed inferiority and build political self-reliance. Biko became its most prominent leader and theorist.
Black Consciousness: A political philosophy that rejects internalized racism and affirms Black identity, solidarity, and self-determination. Biko gave this philosophy its influential South African formulation.
Biko v Minister of Police: A 1978 South African civil case in which Steve Biko’s family pursued damages over his death in police custody. The case established the state’s civil liability for Biko’s death.
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid: A 1973 United Nations treaty declaring apartheid a crime and providing for international cooperation to suppress it. Biko’s death intensified global scrutiny of the apartheid system the convention condemned.
Donald Woods: A South African journalist who publicized Steve Biko’s death and wrote about the Black Consciousness Movement. His reporting and later book brought Biko’s story to a broad international audience.
Internalized racism: The adoption by members of a racialized group of beliefs that devalue their own group. Biko argued that liberation required overcoming the psychological effects of oppression.
Port Elizabeth: A coastal city in South Africa, now officially named Gqeberha. Police detained Biko there in August 1977 before transferring him to Pretoria.
Cry Freedom: A 1987 film directed by Richard Attenborough about Steve Biko and journalist Donald Woods. The film introduced Biko’s story to a large international audience.
Mamphela Ramphele: A South African physician, academic, and anti-apartheid activist associated with the Black Consciousness Movement. She worked alongside Biko and helped sustain Black Consciousness organizations.
South African Students' Organisation: A student organization founded in 1969 that developed Black Consciousness politics in South Africa. Biko helped establish and lead the organization as a base for student activism.

Linked from 9 pages