Stuart Restoration

The Stuart Restoration was the return of the Stuart monarchy to England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1660, when Charles II became king after the Interregnum.

English Interregnum: The period of republican and military government in England, Scotland, and Ireland between the execution of Charles I and the restoration of Charles II. The political order that the Restoration ended.
Cavalier Parliament: The English Parliament that sat from 1661 to 1679 and supported the restored monarchy and the Church of England. It enacted much of the Restoration’s royalist and religious settlement.
Church of England: The established Christian church in England, governed by bishops and shaped by the English Reformation. Its restored establishment became a defining feature of post-1660 religious policy.
English Civil War: A series of armed conflicts from 1642 to 1651 between supporters of Parliament and the royalist forces of Charles I. The war began the upheavals whose political settlement the Restoration reversed.
Richard Cromwell: Oliver Cromwell’s son, who briefly served as Lord Protector of the Commonwealth in 1658–1659. His resignation weakened the regime that preceded the Restoration.
Clarendon Code: A series of English laws from 1661 to 1665 that restricted Protestant nonconformists’ religious and civic rights. It established a coercive Anglican settlement after the monarchy returned.
Great Ejection: The removal of more than two thousand ministers from English churches in 1662 for refusing the Act of Uniformity. It was a direct consequence of the Restoration’s religious settlement.
Execution of Charles I: The public beheading of Charles I at Whitehall in 1649 after his trial by a parliamentary court. The execution had abolished the monarchy that returned in 1660.
George Monck: An English army general whose intervention helped restore the Long Parliament and arrange Charles II’s return. His military and political maneuvering made a peaceful return possible.
Act of Uniformity 1662: An English law requiring public worship to follow the Book of Common Prayer and clergy to conform to the Church of England. It imposed uniform worship as part of the Restoration church settlement.

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