Submarine power cable

A submarine power cable carries electrical power underwater between land areas or offshore installations. Its insulated conductors, protective layers, and installation design withstand seawater, pressure, movement, and seabed hazards.

High-voltage direct current: A method of transmitting electricity using high voltage and direct current. Long submarine routes often use it to limit transmission losses and avoid cable-charging currents.
Interconnector: A transmission link that allows electricity systems to exchange power. Submarine interconnectors connect national grids across bodies of water.
Electrical conductor: A material that allows electric charge to flow with relatively low resistance. Copper or aluminum conductors carry the transmitted current inside the cable.
Electricity interconnection: The linking of separate electricity networks so they can exchange power. Submarine cables extend grid interconnection across seas that land lines cannot cross.
High-voltage alternating current: A method of transmitting electricity using high voltage and alternating current. It suits shorter submarine links, where capacitive charging is less limiting than on long routes.
HVDC converter station: A facility that converts electricity between alternating current and direct current for HVDC transmission. Converter stations connect submarine HVDC cables to AC grids at each end.
Dielectric: An insulating material that polarizes in an electric field while resisting electrical conduction. The cable dielectric separates conductors and withstands the voltage across them.
Energy security: The reliable availability of energy at affordable prices. Cross-border cables diversify supply options while creating dependence on shared infrastructure.
Power cable: An electrical cable designed to carry power between points. Submarine cables adapt ordinary power-cable functions to underwater conditions.
Offshore wind power: Electricity generated by wind turbines located at sea. Export cables carry offshore wind power from turbine arrays toward shore.

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