Subtitles

Subtitles are synchronized on-screen text that transcribes spoken dialogue or translates it in films, television programs, and videos.

Closed captioning: On-screen text that represents dialogue and relevant non-speech audio, often with options to turn it on or off. Unlike subtitles, captions commonly identify speakers and describe meaningful sounds.
Subtitle file formats: Digital formats that store subtitle text, timing, and sometimes styling information. Formats such as SRT and WebVTT encode when subtitle lines appear and disappear.
Interlingual subtitles: Subtitles that translate spoken dialogue from one language into another. They let viewers follow dialogue without understanding the original spoken language.
Dubbing: The replacement of an audiovisual work's original dialogue with newly recorded speech in another language. Dubbing translates speech through voices rather than translated text.
Forced narrative: Text displayed over video when viewers need information unavailable in the spoken language or soundtrack. These brief translations clarify foreign-language dialogue or otherwise essential on-screen information.
SubRip: A plain-text subtitle format that stores numbered captions with start and end times. SRT is a widely used example of a timed subtitle file.
Intralingual subtitles: Subtitles that render spoken language in the same language as the audio. They support comprehension, language learning, and viewing in noisy settings.
Voice-over: A recorded voice heard over audiovisual content, often while original speech remains audible underneath. Voice-over translation adds spoken translation instead of relying solely on text.
Subtitle timing: The placement of subtitle appearances and disappearances in relation to audiovisual content. Timing determines whether each line matches the speech and remains readable.
WebVTT: A text-based format for timed text tracks used primarily on the web. WebVTT supports subtitle delivery through web video players.

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