Sultanate of Rum

The Sultanate of Rum was a medieval Turkic state ruled by the Seljuk dynasty in Anatolia from the late 11th century until its dissolution in the 14th century.

Battle of Manzikert: A 1071 battle in which the Seljuk Turks defeated the Byzantine Empire near Manzikert in eastern Anatolia. The Byzantine defeat weakened imperial control and accelerated Turkic settlement in Anatolia.
Konya: A city in central Anatolia that became the principal capital of the Sultanate of Rum. The Seljuk court governed from Konya after losing Nicaea.
Kaykhusraw I: A Seljuk sultan of Rum who ruled in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, with an interruption in exile. His restored reign helped reestablish Seljuk authority and expand its Mediterranean reach.
Seljuk caravanserai: A roadside inn built to shelter travelers, merchants, and animals along medieval trade routes. Caravanserais supported commerce and state control of long-distance routes.
Ottoman Empire: A state founded in northwestern Anatolia that expanded into a major empire spanning southeastern Europe, western Asia, and North Africa. The Ottoman dynasty rose from the post-Seljuk Anatolian political landscape.
Great Seljuk Empire: A medieval Sunni Muslim empire founded by the Seljuk dynasty and centered in Iran and Iraq. The Sultanate emerged from the wider Seljuk political world.
Seljuk dynasty: A Turkic dynasty that ruled a succession of states across the Middle East and Central Asia. Its branches supplied the rulers and political legitimacy of the sultanate.
Kayqubad I: A Seljuk sultan of Rum who ruled from 1220 to 1237 and presided over the state’s high point. His military campaigns and building projects exemplify the sultanate at its strongest.
Sultan Han: A monumental 13th-century Seljuk caravanserai near Aksaray in central Anatolia. Its scale and decoration display the resources invested in trade infrastructure.
Karamanids: A Turkic dynasty that ruled a principality in south-central Anatolia from the 13th to the 15th century. The Karamanids were among the strongest successors to Seljuk authority.

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