Knowra Talmud Talmud The Talmud is a foundational Jewish compilation of rabbinic debate and teaching, combining the Mishnah with the Gemara. It develops Jewish law, biblical interpretation, ethics, and tradition.
Mishnah : The earliest major written compilation of Jewish oral law, organized by topic and redacted around the early third century. It is the Talmud’s foundational legal text, around which the Gemara’s discussions are organized.
Babylonian Talmud : The Talmud compiled in Babylonia, the more extensive and widely studied of the two Talmuds. It became the principal Talmudic authority in much of later Jewish study and law.
Halakha : The collective body of Jewish law and practice, grounded in scripture, rabbinic interpretation, and tradition. Legal argument throughout the Talmud develops and tests rules that shape halakha.
Hillel the Elder : A leading Jewish sage of the first century BCE and early first century CE, associated with influential teachings and legal traditions. Traditions attributed to Hillel became part of the debates and ethical teachings preserved in the Talmud.
Shulchan Aruch : A sixteenth-century code of Jewish law compiled by Joseph Karo and supplemented by Moses Isserles. Its rulings draw on the Talmud through generations of interpretation and legal codification.
Gemara : Rabbinic discussion and analysis of the Mishnah, preserved in the two Talmuds. It supplies the debates and explanations that, together with the Mishnah, make up the Talmud.
Jerusalem Talmud : The Talmud compiled in Roman Palestine, also known as the Palestinian Talmud. It preserves a distinct Palestinian compilation of Mishnah commentary and rabbinic debate.
Aggadah : Non-legal rabbinic material, including narratives, ethical teachings, interpretations, and reflections. It shows how the Talmud ranges beyond legal rulings into stories and moral thought.
Rabbi Akiva : A prominent second-century rabbi whose interpretations and teachings shaped rabbinic Judaism. His legal interpretations and traditions recur in the Talmud’s discussions.
Daf Yomi : A study program in which participants learn one page of the Babylonian Talmud each day. It turned sustained Talmud study into a shared cycle followed by communities worldwide.
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