Knowra Tardive dyskinesia Tardive dyskinesia Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder marked by involuntary, repetitive movements, often affecting the face, mouth, trunk, or limbs. It can develop during or after prolonged exposure to dopamine-blocking medicines.
Dopamine : Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in movement, motivation, learning, and other brain functions. Dopamine-blocking drugs can alter movement circuits and are the main medication-related risk.
Dyskinesia : Dyskinesia is a broad term for abnormal, involuntary movements. Tardive dyskinesia is one specific, often medication-associated form of dyskinesia.
Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale : The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale is a clinical rating tool for assessing involuntary movements, especially those associated with antipsychotic treatment. Clinicians use it to document movement severity and monitor changes over time.
Acute dystonia : Acute dystonia is a sudden, often painful muscle contraction that can occur soon after starting or increasing a dopamine-blocking drug. Its rapid onset contrasts with the delayed emergence typical of tardive dyskinesia.
Dopamine receptor : A dopamine receptor is a protein that lets cells respond to dopamine. Blocking D2-type receptors is central to the medication exposure associated with this disorder.
Extrapyramidal symptoms : Extrapyramidal symptoms are drug-associated movement problems linked to motor-control circuits outside the pyramidal tracts. Tardive dyskinesia is classified among medication-related movement disorders, though it differs from acute symptoms.
Valbenazine : Valbenazine is a vesicular monoamine transporter 2 inhibitor used to treat tardive dyskinesia. It is an approved treatment that can reduce abnormal movements in some people.
Tardive dystonia : Tardive dystonia is a delayed-onset movement disorder marked by sustained muscle contractions after prolonged exposure to dopamine-blocking drugs. It is a related tardive syndrome distinguished by sustained postures rather than predominantly repetitive movements.
Basal ganglia : The basal ganglia are interconnected brain structures that help regulate movement and action selection. Disrupted signaling in these movement circuits is implicated in the involuntary movements.
Orofacial dyskinesia : Orofacial dyskinesia is involuntary movement involving the mouth, tongue, jaw, or face. Lip smacking, chewing motions, and tongue movements are common presentations of tardive dyskinesia.
Show all 24