Taylorism

Taylorism is a system of workplace management that studies tasks through measurement and prescribes standardized methods to increase efficiency and managerial control.

Time-and-motion study: A method for analyzing work by measuring the time and motions required to perform tasks. Taylorism uses task measurement to identify and prescribe efficient work methods.
Frederick Winslow Taylor: An American mechanical engineer whose management theories became known as scientific management. Taylor developed and promoted the system that bears his name.
Henry Gantt: An American engineer and management consultant who developed the Gantt chart and collaborated with Taylor. Gantt helped spread scientific management while developing tools for planning work.
Fordism: A system of mass production based on standardized goods, assembly lines, and high-volume output. Fordist factories applied standardized work on a scale that echoed Taylorist principles.
Scientific management: A management approach that applies systematic observation and analysis to organize work. Taylorism is the best-known early form of this broader approach.
The Principles of Scientific Management: Frederick Winslow Taylor’s 1911 book outlining his approach to organizing work. This book set out Taylorism’s central claims and managerial prescriptions.
Harrington Emerson: An American efficiency engineer who promoted systematic methods for improving organizational performance. Emerson popularized efficiency principles related to Taylorist management.
Deskilling: The reduction of workers’ skills and discretion through simplified, standardized job design. Critics argue Taylorism transfers knowledge from workers to management.
Task specialization: The division of work into narrow tasks assigned to particular workers. Taylorist job design breaks complex work into simpler, repeatable operations.
Industrial Revolution: A period of major technological and economic transformation driven by mechanized production. Taylorism addressed coordination and productivity problems in large-scale industrial workplaces.

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