Terrorism

Terrorism is the use or threat of violence, especially against civilians, to intimidate a population or coerce governments for political, religious, or ideological aims. Its definitions vary across legal systems and political contexts.

Propaganda of the deed: A political strategy that uses dramatic acts to communicate ideas and inspire action. Violent acts can be staged as messages intended to influence audiences beyond those directly harmed.
Reign of Terror: The period of political repression and mass executions in France from 1793 to 1794. The word terrorism entered political vocabulary through this episode of state violence.
Insurgency: An organized armed movement that seeks to challenge or replace a government through protracted conflict. Insurgencies usually contest territorial or governmental control, while terrorism describes tactics or methods.
Counterterrorism: Policies and actions intended to prevent, disrupt, or respond to terrorism. States develop these measures in response to attacks and perceived threats.
Definition of terrorism: The legal and scholarly criteria used to distinguish terrorism from other forms of violence. No universally accepted definition settles questions about targets, motives, state actors, or armed conflict.
Psychological warfare: The use of communication and psychological pressure to weaken an adversary’s will or influence behavior. Fear is one route by which attacks seek to change public or government behavior.
Anarchism: A political tradition that opposes hierarchical authority and advocates voluntary forms of social organization. Some nineteenth-century militants associated anarchism with attacks intended to provoke political change.
Guerrilla warfare: Irregular warfare using small, mobile forces against a stronger opponent. Guerrilla attacks typically target military forces, although groups may also use terrorism against civilians.
Civil liberties: Individual freedoms protected from unjustified interference by government or other authorities. Expanded surveillance and emergency powers can restrict liberties in the name of preventing attacks.
Terrorism and international law: The body of international legal rules and agreements addressing terrorist acts and cooperation against them. International law criminalizes many acts while lacking a single comprehensive definition of terrorism.

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