Testis

A male reproductive organ that produces sperm and secretes sex hormones, especially testosterone. In most mammals, the testes are paired organs housed in the scrotum.

Spermatogenesis: The process by which spermatogonial stem cells develop into mature sperm cells. This process takes place in seminiferous tubules within the testis.
Scrotum: A pouch of skin and muscle that contains the testes in many mammals. It positions the testes outside the body cavity, helping maintain a cooler temperature.
Testicular torsion: A twisting of the spermatic cord that can cut off blood supply to a testis. This emergency threatens testicular tissue and requires prompt treatment.
Ovary: A female gonad that produces eggs and secretes sex hormones. It is the reproductive gonad contrasted with the sperm-producing testis.
Seminiferous tubule: A coiled tube in the testis where sperm are produced. Its lining houses the developing germ cells and supporting Sertoli cells.
Epididymis: A long, coiled duct where sperm mature and are stored after leaving the testis. Sperm leave the testis before acquiring motility and fertilizing capacity here.
Cryptorchidism: A condition in which one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotum before birth. An undescended testis can have impaired fertility and increased cancer risk.
Ovarian follicle: A structure in the ovary containing a developing egg and surrounding support cells. Unlike seminiferous tubules, follicles support egg development rather than sperm production.
Sertoli cell: A supporting cell in the seminiferous tubules that nurtures developing sperm and regulates their environment. Sertoli cells form the local support system for sperm development.
Spermatozoon: A mature male reproductive cell capable of fertilizing an egg. It is the product of the testis’s sperm-forming process.

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