Tevatron

The Tevatron was a proton–antiproton collider at Fermilab near Chicago. It operated from 1983 to 2011 and was once the world’s highest-energy particle accelerator.

Proton–antiproton annihilation: A collision process in which a proton and antiproton interact, producing quarks, gluons, and other particles. The Tevatron brought matter and antimatter beams into collision to probe their constituents.
Top quark: The heaviest known elementary particle, a quark with an electric charge of two-thirds that of a proton. CDF and DZero announced its discovery from Tevatron collision data in 1995.
Fermilab: A United States national laboratory near Chicago that conducts research in particle physics and accelerator science. Fermilab built and operated the Tevatron on its campus.
Large Hadron Collider: A CERN proton collider near Geneva that began operation in 2008 and surpassed the Tevatron in collision energy. The LHC took over the energy frontier and later discovered the Higgs boson.
Superconducting magnet: A magnet whose coils carry electric current with negligible resistance when cooled below a critical temperature. Superconducting magnets bent the Tevatron’s beams around its circular tunnel.
Top quark discovery: The 1995 announcement by CDF and DZero that they had observed the top quark in Tevatron collisions. This landmark discovery demonstrated the collider’s reach for massive particles.
Main Ring: A proton synchrotron at Fermilab that preceded the Tevatron and initially supplied it with particles. The Tevatron’s early operation relied on accelerator infrastructure inherited from the Main Ring.
Large Electron–Positron Collider: A CERN collider that collided electrons and positrons from 1989 to 2000 for precise studies of the electroweak interaction. Its cleaner lepton collisions complemented the Tevatron’s higher-energy, composite-particle collisions.
Synchrotron: A cyclic particle accelerator that synchronizes changing magnetic fields with particles as they gain energy. The Tevatron was a synchrotron as well as a collider.
W boson mass: A physical parameter specifying the mass of the charged carrier of the weak nuclear force. Tevatron measurements made the W boson mass a precision test of the Standard Model.

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