Thessaloniki

Thessaloniki is Greece’s second-largest city and a major port on the Thermaic Gulf. It is the capital of Central Macedonia and a historic center of Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman life.

Cassander of Macedon: Cassander was king of Macedon from 305 to 297 BCE and founded Thessaloniki. He founded the city around 315 BCE, naming it for his wife, Thessalonike.
Thermaic Gulf: The Thermaic Gulf is an inlet of the Aegean Sea on whose northeastern shore Thessaloniki stands. Its sheltered waters gave the city a natural harbor and a route to the Aegean.
Arch of Galerius: The Arch of Galerius is a Roman triumphal monument built in Thessaloniki around the early fourth century. Its reliefs commemorate Galerius’s victories and mark a surviving Roman monument in the city.
Balkan Wars: The Balkan Wars were two conflicts in 1912–1913 that reshaped borders and power in southeastern Europe. The wars brought Thessaloniki under Greek control and altered its political future.
Macedonian Kingdom: The ancient kingdom of Macedon ruled much of the Balkans and, under Alexander the Great, a vast empire. Thessaloniki began as a city within the kingdom’s expanding political world.
Central Macedonia: Central Macedonia is a region of northern Greece that includes Thessaloniki and the Chalkidiki peninsula. Thessaloniki is the region’s capital and its principal urban center.
Rotunda of Thessaloniki: The Rotunda is a large circular building in Thessaloniki, successively used as a Roman monument, church, and mosque. Its changing uses trace the city’s transitions among empires and religions.
Population exchange between Greece and Turkey: The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey forcibly relocated most Orthodox Christians in Turkey and Muslims in Greece. Refugees from Asia Minor greatly changed Thessaloniki’s population and urban growth.
Roman Thessalonica: Roman Thessalonica was an important provincial city and commercial hub in the eastern Roman Empire. Roman rule made the city a major stop on the Via Egnatia.
Via Egnatia: The Via Egnatia was a Roman road linking the Adriatic coast with Byzantium across the Balkans. The road connected Thessaloniki to inland markets and imperial routes.

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