Knowra Tigray War Tigray War The Tigray War was an armed conflict in northern Ethiopia between the federal government and its allies and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front, ending with a peace agreement in 2022.
Tigray People's Liberation Front : A political and military organization founded in 1975 that led Tigray and dominated Ethiopia’s governing coalition for decades. Its dispute with the federal government became the central political and military fault line of the war.
Eritrean Defence Forces : The armed forces of Eritrea, comprising ground, air, and naval services. Eritrean forces fought alongside Ethiopian federal forces in Tigray.
Humanitarian crisis in Tigray : A large-scale emergency marked by displacement, food insecurity, disrupted healthcare, and limited access to aid during the war. Fighting and restrictions on essential supplies left millions in need of assistance.
Pretoria Agreement : The November 2022 agreement between Ethiopia’s federal government and the TPLF to end hostilities in Tigray. It formally ended the war and set terms for disarmament, humanitarian access, and restored federal authority.
Abiy Ahmed : An Ethiopian politician who became prime minister in 2018 and received the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize. His government’s conflict with Tigray’s leaders escalated into war.
Amhara Region : A regional state in northern Ethiopia, home primarily to the Amhara people. Amhara forces and militias fought alongside federal forces and gained control of disputed western Tigray.
War crimes in the Tigray War : Alleged and documented serious violations of international humanitarian law committed by parties to the Tigray War. Investigations reported killings, sexual violence, forced displacement, and other abuses by multiple forces.
Nairobi Declaration : A November 2022 declaration detailing military measures for implementing the Pretoria Agreement. It set out the parties’ commitments on disarmament and cessation of hostilities.
Ethiopian federalism : Ethiopia’s system of regional states organized largely around ethnic communities, with constitutionally assigned powers. Disputes over regional autonomy and federal authority shaped the conflict’s political roots.
Tigray Defense Forces : The armed forces that fought for Tigray during the war, drawing heavily on regional security forces and former Ethiopian soldiers. They became the TPLF-aligned military force opposing federal and allied troops.
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