Timur

Timur was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire and ruled much of Central Asia and Persia from 1370 to 1405.

Transoxiana: A historical region of Central Asia lying between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. Timur built his power in this region amid competing Chagatai and local authorities.
Timurid military: The armies and military institutions used by Timur and his successors. Its mounted forces carried Timur’s campaigns across distant regions.
Battle of Ankara: The 1402 battle in which Timur defeated and captured Ottoman sultan Bayezid I. The victory checked Ottoman expansion and made Timur a dominant power in Anatolia.
Timurid Empire: A Central Asian and Persianate empire founded by Timur and ruled by his descendants from 1370 to 1507. It was the political state Timur established through his conquests.
Tokhtamysh: A khan of the Golden Horde who initially allied with Timur and later fought against him. Their alliance turned into a contest that ended with Timur’s destruction of Tokhtamysh’s power.
Chagatai Khanate: A Mongol successor state that ruled Central Asia after the division of the Mongol Empire. Its weakened authority created the political opening Timur exploited.
Mongol military tactics: Warfare methods emphasizing mobility, mounted archery, intelligence, and coordinated maneuver. Timur adapted steppe warfare practices to his own campaigns.
Siege of Delhi (1398): Timur’s invasion and sack of Delhi in 1398 during his campaign into northern India. The devastation of Delhi became one of the most notorious episodes of his conquests.
Timurid Renaissance: A period of artistic, architectural, and scientific flourishing under Timurid rule, especially in the fifteenth century. The dynasty’s cultural achievements followed the military empire Timur founded.
Bayezid I: An Ottoman sultan who ruled from 1389 until Timur defeated and captured him in 1402. His defeat at Ankara exposed the limits of Ottoman expansion against Timur’s armies.

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