Tisha B'Av

Tisha B'Av is an annual Jewish fast day observed on the ninth day of the Hebrew month of Av. It commemorates the destruction of the First and Second Temples in Jerusalem and other calamities in Jewish history.

Hebrew calendar: A lunisolar calendar used to determine Jewish dates and holidays. Tisha B'Av falls on the ninth of Av in this calendar.
Siege of Jerusalem (587 BCE): The Babylonian siege that ended with Jerusalem's capture and the destruction of its First Temple. Jewish tradition associates the First Temple's destruction with the ninth of Av.
Jewish mourning: Ritual and communal practices for grieving death and loss in Jewish tradition. Tisha B'Av extends mourning from personal loss to national catastrophe.
Yom Kippur: The Jewish Day of Atonement, devoted to repentance and observed with a full fast. Both are full fasts, but Yom Kippur centers on atonement rather than destruction.
Jewish fasting: The religious practice of abstaining from food and drink in Jewish tradition. Tisha B'Av is observed through a full fast from sunset to nightfall.
Babylonian captivity: The forced exile of Judeans to Babylonia after the kingdom of Judah fell in the sixth century BCE. The exile followed the destruction mourned on Tisha B'Av.
Jewish exile: The historical and religious experience of Jewish communities living outside the Land of Israel. The Temple's destruction and ensuing dispersal shape the day's memory of exile.
Tenth of Tevet: A Jewish fast day commemorating the beginning of the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem. It marks the siege's beginning, unlike Tisha B'Av's mourning of Jerusalem's destruction.
Eicha: The biblical book of Lamentations, a collection of poems mourning Jerusalem's destruction. Its mournful verses are chanted in synagogue on the eve of the fast.
Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE): The Roman siege that culminated in Jerusalem's capture and the destruction of its Second Temple. The Second Temple's destruction is the fast's central historical commemoration.

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