Titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is an inorganic compound of titanium and oxygen. Its strong light scattering makes it a widely used white pigment, while its ultraviolet absorption and photocatalytic activity support other applications.

Titanium white: A white pigment whose principal component is titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide’s high opacity and brightness make it the dominant material in this pigment.
Rutile: A tetragonal crystalline mineral and one of the principal polymorphs of titanium dioxide. Rutile’s refractive index and stability suit it to durable white pigments.
Titanium: A strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal with atomic number 22. Titanium supplies the metal atoms in titanium dioxide’s crystal lattice.
Zinc oxide: An inorganic compound used as a white pigment, ultraviolet filter, and semiconductor. It is another mineral sunscreen filter, with different optical and surface properties.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle exposure: Human or environmental contact with titanium dioxide particles in the nanoscale range. Nanoparticle form and route of exposure shape risk assessments for products containing TiO₂.
Sunscreen: A topical product that reduces ultraviolet exposure by absorbing, scattering, or reflecting radiation. Titanium dioxide is used as a mineral ultraviolet filter in many formulations.
Anatase: A tetragonal crystalline polymorph of titanium dioxide, often more photocatalytically active than rutile. Anatase surfaces are widely used when light-driven chemical activity is wanted.
Oxygen: A chemical element with atomic number 8 that forms oxides with many elements. Oxygen bonds to titanium in the compound’s stable TiO₂ stoichiometry.
Lithopone: A white pigment made mainly from barium sulfate and zinc sulfide. It is a historical alternative to titanium white with lower hiding power.
IARC Group 2B: The International Agency for Research on Cancer category for agents possibly carcinogenic to humans. IARC placed inhaled titanium dioxide in this category based on limited evidence and animal findings.

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