Tort

A civil wrong, other than breach of contract, that gives an injured party a legal claim for a remedy such as damages.

Duty of care: A legal obligation to take reasonable care to avoid foreseeable harm to others. Negligence requires breach of a duty owed to the injured person.
Negligence: A tort based on failing to take reasonable care, causing legally recognized harm. It is the most common framework for accidental injury claims.
Personal injury: Physical or psychological harm to a person that may support a civil claim. Many tort suits seek compensation for bodily injury and its consequences.
Contract law: The body of law governing agreements and the obligations they create. Tort duties generally arise independently of promises made in a contract.
Compensatory damages: An award intended to compensate for a claimant’s proven losses. They aim to restore the position the injured party would have occupied without the tort.
Breach of duty: Failure to meet a legal standard of conduct owed to another person. A breach is the wrongful conduct at the center of many negligence claims.
Strict liability: Liability imposed for specified conduct or harm without requiring proof of negligence or intent. Some torts impose responsibility even when the defendant took care.
Product liability: Legal responsibility for harm caused by defective products. It applies tort principles to injuries linked to products placed on the market.
Criminal law: The body of law defining offenses prosecuted by the state and their punishments. A single act may be both a tort and a crime, but the proceedings and aims differ.
Punitive damages: An additional monetary award intended to punish and deter especially wrongful conduct. Some jurisdictions permit them beyond compensation in cases of egregious misconduct.

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