Transmission line

A transmission line is a high-voltage conductor system that carries bulk electrical power between generating stations, substations, and major load centers. It may be overhead or underground.

Three-phase electric power: An electrical power system using three alternating voltages offset by 120 degrees. Most bulk transmission lines carry three-phase power, balancing power delivery across conductors.
Overhead power line: An electrical line whose conductors are suspended above ground on towers or poles. Overhead construction is the most visible form of long-distance transmission infrastructure.
Electric power grid: An interconnected network that delivers electricity from generators to consumers. Transmission lines are the grid’s long-distance links between generation, substations, and load centers.
Transmission congestion: A condition in which limits on network capacity prevent desired electricity transfers. A constrained line can block lower-cost power from reaching consumers even when generation is available.
Electric power distribution: The delivery of electricity from substations through local networks to end users. Distribution serves neighborhoods and individual customers, unlike bulk transmission between regions and major grid nodes.
High-voltage direct current: A method of transmitting electricity using high-voltage direct current rather than alternating current. HVDC links can move bulk power where conventional alternating-current lines are less suitable.
Underground power cable: An insulated electrical cable installed below the ground or underwater. Underground cables avoid overhead corridors but have different costs and operating constraints.
Interconnection (electric power): A connection that allows distinct electric power systems to exchange electricity. Transmission corridors join regions and enable power transfers across system boundaries.
N-1 criterion: A reliability standard requiring a power system to withstand the loss of one major component without unacceptable disruption. Transmission networks are designed and operated to handle a line outage without widespread service loss.
Transformer: An electrical device that transfers energy between circuits while changing voltage through electromagnetic induction. Transformers raise voltage for efficient transmission and lower it for distribution and use.

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