Transportation network

A transportation network is a system of connected routes, terminals, and services that moves people or goods between places.

Network topology: The arrangement of connections among nodes in a network, independent of their physical shape or location. Topology reveals which places connect and where routes can branch or end.
Traffic flow: The movement of vehicles or travelers through a transport system over time. Flow describes how network links carry demand and where congestion forms.
Road network: A system of roads and intersections that enables travel by road vehicles. Roads provide flexible local access and connect many other transport facilities.
Accessibility: The ease with which people can reach destinations, services, and opportunities. Network connections determine which destinations are reachable and at what cost.
Graph theory: The mathematical study of structures made of vertices and edges. Its models represent transport locations as vertices and routes as edges.
Transportation planning: The process of evaluating and shaping transport systems to meet mobility and land-use goals. Planning determines which links and services are built, expanded, or changed.
Rail transport: The movement of passengers or freight by vehicles traveling on railway tracks. Railways carry high volumes along fixed routes between stations and terminals.
Land use: The human use and development of land for purposes such as housing, industry, and transport. Transport access shapes development patterns, while land use generates travel demand.
Transport hub: A place where passengers or freight transfer between routes or modes. Hubs concentrate transfers and connect otherwise separate routes.
Shortest path problem: The problem of finding a least-cost route between vertices in a graph. Route-finding methods select paths through a network using distance, time, or cost.

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