Knowra Treaty of Brundisium Treaty of Brundisium The 40 BCE agreement in which Mark Antony and Octavian renewed their alliance and divided control of Roman territories, with Antony governing the East and Octavian the West.
Liberators' civil war : The conflict between the Second Triumvirate and the assassins of Julius Caesar, ending with the triumvirs’ victory at Philippi. Its outcome left Antony and Octavian dominant, but their competing interests soon strained their alliance.
Mark Antony : A Roman general and politician who ruled the eastern provinces as a member of the Second Triumvirate. He received the East under the territorial settlement.
Sextus Pompey : A Roman commander who controlled Sicily and challenged the triumvirs’ authority during the civil wars. His naval power remained a major threat after the agreement.
Brundisium : An ancient Roman port city in southern Italy, now called Brindisi. The negotiations took place in this strategic Adriatic port.
Battle of Philippi : The two battles in 42 BCE in which the forces of Antony and Octavian defeated Brutus and Cassius. Victory removed their shared enemies and sharpened the question of how Rome’s territories would be governed.
Augustus : The first Roman emperor, formerly known as Octavian, who consolidated sole power after the civil wars. As Octavian, he retained the western territories in the agreement.
Battle of Actium : The 31 BCE naval battle in which Octavian’s forces defeated Antony and Cleopatra’s fleet. The alliance restored at Brundisium ultimately ended in this decisive confrontation.
Treaty of Brundisium in Virgil : The literary treatment of the agreement in Virgil’s fourth Eclogue and its historical interpretation. The poem has been connected, though its meaning is debated, with the pact and the birth of Antony and Octavia’s child.
Perusine War : The 41–40 BCE conflict between Octavian and forces led by Lucius Antonius and Fulvia. Its end created the opening for Antony and Octavian to negotiate at Brundisium.
Octavia Minor : A Roman noblewoman, sister of Octavian, and wife of Mark Antony after 40 BCE. Her marriage to Antony gave the renewed alliance a family bond.
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