Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

The 1774 peace treaty ended the Russo-Ottoman War of 1768–1774. It granted Russia territory and strategic privileges around the Black Sea while weakening Ottoman influence.

Russian annexation of Crimea: The Russian Empire's 1783 incorporation of Crimea, formerly an independent khanate under Ottoman suzerainty. The treaty's declaration of Crimean independence preceded Russia's annexation nine years later.
Principality of Moldavia: A historical principality between the Carpathian Mountains and the Dniester River, often under Ottoman suzerainty. The treaty required Ottoman concessions concerning Moldavia, including amnesty and tax relief.
Russo-Ottoman War (1768–1774): A war between the Russian and Ottoman empires that ended with Russia's victory and the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca. The treaty concluded this war after Russian military successes on land and sea.
Treaty of Belgrade: The 1739 treaty that ended the Austro-Russian-Turkish War and restricted Russian naval activity in the Black Sea. Unlike the 1739 settlement, Küçük Kaynarca granted Russia substantial new Black Sea privileges.
Crimean Khanate: A Turkic state centered on Crimea that existed from the fifteenth century until Russia annexed it in 1783. The treaty formally freed the khanate from Ottoman control, making its later annexation possible.
Wallachia: A historical principality north of the lower Danube, frequently governed under Ottoman suzerainty. The treaty imposed obligations on the Ottoman government toward Wallachia's inhabitants and Christian institutions.
Catherine the Great: Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796, whose reign expanded Russian territory and influence. Catherine's government pursued the war and negotiated the settlement's gains for Russia.
Treaty of Jassy: The 1792 treaty that ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 and confirmed Russia's possession of Crimea. Jassy converted the strategic opening made in 1774 into recognized Russian control of Crimea.
Black Sea: An inland sea connected to the Mediterranean through the Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, and Dardanelles. The treaty opened new routes and access for Russian shipping in this contested maritime region.
Russian Orthodox Church: The autocephalous Eastern Orthodox church traditionally associated with Russia. A treaty clause gave Russia a diplomatic basis to claim a role in protecting Ottoman Orthodox Christians.

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