Treaty of Ryswick

The 1697 peace settlement that ended the Nine Years’ War, restored several territories, and recognized French possession of western Hispaniola.

Nine Years' War: A 1688–1697 conflict in which France fought a coalition of European powers led by William III. The treaty ended this war and set terms between its principal belligerents.
Ryswick negotiations: The 1697 diplomatic talks at Ryswick that produced separate peace agreements among France and its opponents. The negotiations translated battlefield stalemate into several linked treaties.
War of the League of Augsburg: A European war from 1688 to 1697, also called the Nine Years’ War, fought largely against the expansion of Louis XIV’s France. This conflict created the military and diplomatic conditions for the treaty.
Treaty of Utrecht: The 1713 peace settlement that ended the War of the Spanish Succession and redistributed European and colonial power. Unlike Ryswick, it addressed the succession crisis and imposed a wider imperial reordering.
Saint-Domingue: The French colony occupying the western portion of Hispaniola, later known as Haiti. The settlement recognized France's possession of the island's western portion.
Grand Alliance (Nine Years' War): The coalition formed in 1689 to oppose French expansion, including England, the Dutch Republic, and the Holy Roman Emperor. Its members negotiated with France through separate agreements at Ryswick.
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes: Louis XIV's 1685 abolition of protections for French Protestants, followed by persecution and emigration. The revocation deepened Protestant opposition to Louis XIV's rule during the conflict.
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668): The 1668 treaty that ended the War of Devolution and made France return some conquered territory to Spain. It was an earlier example of a settlement limiting French expansion in the Spanish Netherlands.
Hispaniola: A Caribbean island shared by present-day Haiti and the Dominican Republic. The treaty's colonial provisions concerned its division between France and Spain.
Treaty of Nijmegen: A group of treaties signed from 1678 to 1679 that ended the Franco-Dutch War and transferred territory to France. Ryswick reversed some French acquisitions made under this earlier settlement.

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