Treaty of Turkmenchay
The 1828 treaty that ended the Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828 and transferred major Caucasian territories from Persia to the Russian Empire.
Armenian Oblast: A Russian administrative territory established in 1828 from former Persian and Ottoman lands, centered on Yerevan. The treaty’s cession of Yerevan and Nakhchivan helped create this Russian province.
Russo-Persian War (1826–1828): The war in which Qajar Persia attempted to recover Caucasian territories from Russia and suffered defeat. Russian victory in this war forced Persia to negotiate at Turkmenchay.
Russo-Persian War (1804–1813): A war between the Russian and Persian empires that ended with Russia gaining territory in the Caucasus. Its outcome left Persia seeking to reverse losses that the later war and treaty made permanent.
Yerevan: The capital of Armenia, historically a major city in the South Caucasus. The treaty transferred Yerevan from Persian to Russian rule.
Treaty of Gulistan: The 1813 treaty that ended an earlier Russo-Persian war and ceded parts of the Caucasus to Russia. Turkmenchay extended the territorial losses Persia had accepted in this earlier treaty.
Treaty of Turkmenchay indemnity: The financial payment imposed on Persia by the 1828 Treaty of Turkmenchay. The treaty required Persia to pay Russia a large indemnity, adding economic pressure to territorial losses.
Qajar dynasty: The Iranian royal dynasty founded by Agha Mohammad Khan, which ruled Persia from 1789 to 1925. Qajar rulers launched the campaign to recover territories lost to Russia.
Tabriz: A major city in northwestern Iran and a historic center of commerce and political power. Russian forces occupied Tabriz during the war, strengthening their leverage over Persia.
Armenian migration to the Caucasus: The movement of Armenian communities into Russian-controlled Caucasian territories, especially after the Russo-Persian and Russo-Ottoman wars. The treaty allowed Armenians to move from Persia into Russian-held lands, altering the region’s population.
Caspian Sea: The world’s largest inland body of water, bordered by Russia, Iran, and several Central Asian and Caucasian states. The treaty reaffirmed Russia’s exclusive right to maintain warships on the Caspian Sea.