Trưng Sisters

Trưng Trắc and Trưng Nhị were Vietnamese sisters who led a rebellion against Han rule from 40 to 43 CE. Their revolt briefly established an independent state in northern Vietnam.

Han dynasty: A Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 206 BCE to 220 CE. Its expansion into northern Vietnam created the imperial authority the sisters opposed.
Mê Linh: An ancient polity in the Red River delta associated with the Trưng Sisters’ home and power base. The sisters’ local standing there helped launch their revolt.
Trưng Trắc: A Vietnamese leader who, with her sister Trưng Nhị, headed a revolt against Han rule beginning in 40 CE. She became the rebellion’s leading ruler and enduring namesake.
Vietnamese nationalism: A political movement and body of ideas centered on Vietnamese identity, sovereignty, and self-determination. The sisters became prominent symbols in later accounts of national resistance.
Nam Việt: An ancient kingdom in parts of present-day southern China and northern Vietnam, founded in the third century BCE. Its earlier history frames the region’s changing relationship with Chinese states.
Ma Yuan: A Han general who led the campaign that suppressed the Trưng Sisters’ rebellion. His expedition turned the revolt into a direct military contest with Han forces.
Trưng Nhị: A Vietnamese leader who joined her sister Trưng Trắc in the revolt against Han rule. Her role shows that the uprising was led by both sisters.
Chinese rule in Vietnam: Periods in which Chinese states governed territories that are now part of Vietnam. The revolt is an early, defining episode in resistance to such rule.
Giao Chỉ: A Han administrative commandery in the Red River delta, corresponding roughly to northern Vietnam. This was the principal region where the sisters’ revolt took hold.
Luy Lâu: An ancient administrative and cultural center in northern Vietnam, near present-day Bắc Ninh. It was a major center of Han authority in the region challenged by the revolt.

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