Tunisian campaign

The final phase of the North African campaign, fought in Tunisia from November 1942 to May 1943 between Axis forces and the Allies.

Operation Torch: The Allied landings in French North Africa in November 1942, opening a second front against Axis forces. Its landings in Algeria and Morocco began the Allied drive toward Tunisia.
Vichy France: The French regime that governed unoccupied France and its empire in cooperation with Germany from 1940 to 1944. Its forces in North Africa initially resisted the Allied landings that preceded the campaign.
Dwight D. Eisenhower: The American general who commanded Allied forces in the Mediterranean theater during much of World War II. He directed the Allied coalition whose forces fought in Tunisia.
End of the North African campaign: The Allied victory in North Africa in May 1943, which expelled Axis forces from the region. The surrender in Tunisia ended the wider North African campaign.
Battle of Kasserine Pass: A February 1943 battle in which German forces broke through inexperienced American units in western Tunisia. The defeat exposed Allied weaknesses before their later advance across Tunisia.
French North Africa: The French-controlled territories of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia during the colonial era. The Allies’ seizure of Algeria and Morocco left Tunisia as the remaining Axis foothold.
Bernard Montgomery: The British field marshal who commanded the Eighth Army in North Africa during World War II. His forces advanced into Tunisia from Libya after the Axis retreat.
Allied invasion of Sicily: The Allied invasion of Sicily in July 1943, the first major step in the invasion of Italy. The Tunisian victory provided the base for the next Mediterranean offensive.
Battle of Medenine: A March 1943 battle in which British forces repelled an Axis attack in southeastern Tunisia. Its failure weakened Axis forces before the final Allied offensive.
Second Battle of El Alamein: An October–November 1942 Allied victory that forced Axis forces to retreat westward across Libya. Its retreating Axis forces faced the Allied advance from the west in Tunisia.

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