Linked from

The 16 pages that link to Tuskegee Syphilis Study, each with the reason it gives.

• Informed consentBroader topic: The study became a stark example of deception and exploitation that informed consent is meant to prevent.

• Investigative journalismRelated: Associated Press reporting helped bring the study’s ongoing abuses to public attention in 1972.

• Medical ethicsBroader topic: Its exposure prompted public scrutiny and stronger protections for research participants.

• Scientific racismCompared with: It exemplifies racist medical practice, though it was not itself a theory of racial biology.

• Research ethicsBroader topic: Its deception and withheld treatment helped drive reforms in U.S. human-subject protections.

• BioethicsBroader topic: Its abuses helped drive reforms in human-subject protections and research oversight.

• SyphilisBroader topic: The study's abuses involved syphilis research and caused lasting harm to medical trust.

• Health inequalityBroader topic: It exemplifies how racist medical institutions can cause severe and lasting health harms.

• Media ethicsRelated: Its exposure illustrates the ethical stakes of investigating institutional abuse.

• Nuremberg CodeCompared with: The study’s continuation after the Code illustrates the gap between principles and practice.

• Nazi human experimentationCompared with: It offers a distinct case of racist medical abuse, outside Nazi Germany and its camp system.

• Medical racismBroader topic: The study exemplifies research exploitation and the denial of effective treatment to Black participants.

• Tuskegee InstituteCompared with: The study took its name from Tuskegee, though the institute did not conduct it.

• MKUltraCompared with: Unlike MKUltra's covert CIA research, it involved a different agency and a prolonged, documented medical study; both exposed grave consent failures.

• AgnotologyBroader topic: Its secrecy and deception show ignorance imposed on participants by a research institution.

• ArsphenamineCompared with: It illustrates the later ethical failures surrounding syphilis research and treatment, not a consequence of arsphenamine itself.