Knowra University of Salamanca University of Salamanca A public university in Salamanca, Spain, founded in 1218. It became a major center of European learning and helped shape Spanish intellectual and imperial history.
Alfonso IX of León : King of León from 1188 to 1230 who established the schools at Salamanca. He founded the schools in 1218 that developed into the university.
Francisco de Vitoria : A sixteenth-century Spanish theologian and Dominican who taught at the University of Salamanca. His lectures helped establish the university's reputation in natural law and debates over empire.
Studium generale : A medieval institution of higher learning whose teaching attracted students from beyond its local region. The designation captures Salamanca's transformation into an internationally recognized center of study.
International law : Rules and principles governing relations among states and other international actors. Salamanca scholars helped frame arguments about Indigenous rights, just war, and Spanish rule.
School of Salamanca economics : Economic analysis by sixteenth-century Spanish scholastics of prices, money, exchange, and commerce. Salamanca scholars examined economic changes linked to Spain's expanding Atlantic empire.
Medieval university : A European institution of higher learning that emerged during the Middle Ages. Salamanca grew within this institutional tradition of faculties, masters, and privileges.
Salamanca School : A group of sixteenth-century Spanish theologians and jurists associated with renewed scholastic thought. Its scholars, many based at Salamanca, developed influential arguments about law, economics, and sovereignty.
Papal bull : A formal document issued by a pope and authenticated with a seal. Papal privileges helped validate Salamanca's degrees and the reach of its teaching.
Just war theory : A tradition of ethical reasoning about when war may be started and how it may be fought. Salamanca theologians applied it to Spanish conquest and the treatment of Indigenous peoples.
Valladolid debate : A 1550–1551 debate over the justice of Spanish conquest and Indigenous peoples' rights. Its questions echoed arguments developed by theologians connected with Salamanca.
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