Linked from

The 12 pages that link to Venezuelan oil industry, each with the reason it gives.

• Hugo ChávezNarrower topic: Oil income enabled large public programs and gave Chávez’s government leverage over domestic and foreign policy.

• Iranian oil industryCompared with: Both industries rely heavily on state oil firms and have faced extensive sanctions.

• Bolivarian RevolutionRelated: State control and oil revenues were central to funding and steering the revolutionary project.

• Nicolás MaduroRelated: Oil production and revenue collapsed during Maduro’s presidency, worsening the country’s economic crisis.

• Marcos Pérez JiménezRelated: Oil revenues financed public works and supported the regime's economic program.

• Juan Vicente GómezRelated: Oil concessions and export revenues expanded during Gómez's rule and strengthened state finances.

• Petróleos de VenezuelaNarrower topic: PDVSA is the state-owned company at the center of this national industry.

• 2002 Venezuelan coup attemptRelated: Conflict over government control of the state oil company fed the mobilization preceding the coup.

• Luis Herrera CampinsRelated: Oil revenues funded public spending, while falling income constrained his government.

• ChavismoRelated: State control and production decline shaped the movement’s fiscal capacity and economic outcomes.

• Crisis in VenezuelaRelated: Falling production and oil dependence left the state more exposed to economic shocks.

• Socialism of the 21st centuryRelated: Oil revenues financed social programs, while political control of the industry became central to the state’s power.